Activity 2.2:  Glossary

Time:  1 hour

Glossary

Find definitions for the following terms:

Sound: 

• Shotgun - a directional microphone with a narrow-angle range of sensitivity that can amplify sound.
• Lavaliere - A lavalier microphone is a small dynamic microphone used for television, theatre, and public speaking applications, in order to allow hands-free operation.
• Mix -  audio mixing is the process by which multiple recorded sounds are combined into one or more channels, for instance 2-channel stereo.
• Automation - Modern digital audio consoles or mixers use automation. Automation allows the console to remember the audio engineer's adjustment of faders during the post-production editing process. For example, a basic "whoosh" sound created by white noise involves an automation on the white noise's frequency filter knob.
• Music - vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.
• Sound Effects - a sound other than speech or music made artificially for use in a play, movie, or other broadcast production.

Story - a plot or story line of imaginary or real people and events told for entertainment

Scene - A scene is generally thought of as the action in a single location and continuous time.

Actors - The one who represents a character in a dramatic production.

Lighting: 

• Watts - the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second
• Barn door - A Barn Door is comprised of the two flat 'doors' attached to the front of a Fresnel stage lamp, and which can then narrow or shape the beam of light depending on how "open" or "closed" the angle of the doors over the lamp.
• 3-point - 
• Three point lighting is one of the oldest lighting techniques used in shooting video and essentially it consists three lights (wouldn't you know it) - a key light, fill light and back-light.
• soft box - 
• A Soft box is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices. All the various soft light types create even and diffusedlight by directing light through some diffusing material, or by "bouncing" light off a second surface to diffuse the light.

Lens: 

• zoom -  zoom is a function of a digital camera used to make the image seem more close-up.
• prime - a prime lens is either a photographic lens whose focal length is fixed, as opposed to a zoom lens, or it is the primary lens in a combination lens system. 

Focus - The distinctness or clarity of an image rendered by an optical camera.

Aperture - 

Basically, large aperture (f/2.0, f/2.8 etc.) lets in more light to the camera shutter for an exposure, while small aperture (f/11, f/16, f/22etc.) has a smaller opening in the lens diaphragm to let in LESS light for a given exposure.

Shutter - A shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light in order to capture a permanent image of a scene.

White Balance: 

• Kelvin - The Kelvin Color Temperature scale imagines a black body object--- (such as a lamp filament) being heated. At some point the object will get hot enough to begin to glow.
• Tungsten - tungsten lights have a filament and the filament is inside a bulb; the light bulbs in your house are tungsten lights. When these bulbs were made specifically for still and movie use they were made to run at very high temperatures so there would be more blue in the light and so the light would be brighter.
• Daylight - Light that comes more or less directly from sun: it varies very widely in brightness, colour and quality.
• Halogen, 
• Fluorescent, 
• Custom

Tripod - A tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment.

Jib - A small device that turns any basic tripod into a versatile camera movement system

Dolly - A  dolly is a specialized piece of film-making and television production equipment designed to create smooth camera movements

Matte box - A matte box is a device used on the end of a lens to block the sun or other light source in order to prevent glare and lens flare.

Follow Focus - A follow focus is a focus control mechanism used in filmmaking with film cameras and in television production with professional video cameras.

Dynamic Range - The dynamic range of a scene is the range from the brightest object to the dimmest object in that scene. 

Sensor: 

• CMOS - A CMOS sensor is a type of image sensor inside a digital camera consisting of an integrated circuit that records an image.
• CCD - A CCD is a light-sensitive integrated circuit that stores and displays the data for an image in such a way that each pixel (picture element) in the image is converted into an electical charge the intensity of which is related to a color in the color spectrum.
• Full frame - Full-frame digital cameras use a sensor that’s equivalent in size to 35mm film (36 x 24mm), and is the largest you can buy without moving up to truly professional (and expensive) gear like medium format.
• Micro 4/3 - Micro Four Thirds system is a standard created by Olympus and Panasonic, and announced on August 5, 2008, for mirrorless interchangeable lens digital cameras and camcorders design and development.
• super 16 - Super 16 is a single-perforated, motion picture film that uses the maximum image area available on conventional 16 mm film. 

Storage Media: 

• SD Card - An SD Card (Secure Digital Card) is an ultra small flash memory card designed to provide high-capacity memory in a small size.
• SSD - Abbreviated SSD, a solid state disk is a high-performance plug-and-play storage device that contains no moving parts. 
• RAID - RAID is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple disk drive components into a logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy or performance improvement. 

Editing systems: 

•  Linear - 
•  Non-Linear

Timeline - A graphic representation of the passage of time as a line.

Edit: 

• Sub-clip - The definition of a sub-clip is any clip that refers to less than the total length of a media file.
• Cut - The splicing of 2 shots together. this cut is made by the film editor at the editing stage of a film.
• Trim - Trimming is the act of removing frames from the beginning or ending of a video or audio clip during the editing process.
• Extend - 

Effects: 

• Speed/Duration - 
• Chromakey - A technique by which a block of a particular color (often blue or green) in a video image can be replaced either by another color or image, enabling, for example, a weather forecaster to appear against a background of a computer-generated weather map.
• Fade/Dissolve - 

Bin - From BINary -- A name for directories that contain files stored in binary format -- computer-readable but not human-readable files.

Export - An option on all Digital Softwares to export the project

CODEC - A device or program that compresses data to enable faster transmission and decompresses received data.

Keyframe - A key frame in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition. The drawings are called "frames" because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film.

Layer - layering is the organization of programming into separate functional components that interact in some sequential and hierarchical way, with each layer usually having an interface only to the layer above it and the layer below it.

Colour Grading - Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture, video image, or still image either electronically, photo-chemically or digitally.